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";s:4:"text";s:6163:"Pitchers performed shoulder flexion, shoulder abduction, external/internal rotations, pronation/supination, and stride-length forward shoulder rotations. In the lateral decubitus plane, the humeral head is in a more advantageous position to externally (Fig. National Center for Biotechnology Information, Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. A study on pitchers in Japan found a relationship between more IR range of motion in their dominant arms and injury (Sueyoshi et al., 2017). Fileset. Two different types of long toss days were implemented. Although Jaeger bands use a wrist cuff, surgical-tubing exercises with a handle have been shown to result in low to moderate EMG activation of the rotator cuff and surrounding musculature (Myers et al., 2005). Maximum shoulder adduction torque was the only value significantly higher (37 ± 22 °/s) in the velocity decrease group at arm cocking. It has been hypothesized that training with weighted baseballs would result in negative anatomical pitching effects, such as increased ER. Elbow anterior force (30 ± 29 °/s), elbow compressive force (95 ± 73 °/s), elbow flexion torque (11 ± 7.2 °/s), and shoulder compressive force (159 ± 122 °/s) were all significantly lower in the arm deceleration phase (Table 10). Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, Journal of Applied Sports Science Research, International Journal of Sport Biomechanics, Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach, Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, The Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy, The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, Standardization and Terminology Committee of the International Society of Biomechanics, International Society of Biomechanics. Literature on the topic of restoring shoulder internal rotation range of motion is supported (Laudner, Sipes & Wilson, 2008), but further research is required into individual modalities that may be contributing to these physical adaptations. Prior to being included in the study, investigators asked the pitchers about their current injury status. The implements used varied widely in weight and conformation. Pitchers completed the above warm-up six days a week with the volume and intensity of PlyoCare throws varying on the day. At ball release shoulder abduction was significantly lower by 3.0 ± 2.3 °/s and shoulder external rotation was significantly lower by 8.6 ± 5.8 °/s. Note: You are now also subscribed to the subject areas of this publication "Following" is like subscribing to any updates related to a publication. The investigator performing this part of the study was a certified strength and conditioning coach with seven years of experience and specifically trained in measuring range of motion of the shoulder using standard tools. A previous study found that performing a series of short-duration stretching/calisthenics drills (titled the Two-Out drill) resulted in short-term deficits in range of motion caused by pitching to be restored to their pre-pitching levels (Rafael et al., 2017). It has also been postulated that training with weighted balls increases in external rotation, both passive and dynamic. 1). The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of a trained clinician performing total range of motion tests of the shoulder have shown to be very reliable (Wilk et al., 2009). Shoulder adduction torque is one of two variables related to elbow valgus torque, along with maximum internal rotation torque (Sabick et al., 2004). The means for the OVRWGHT1 treatment (16.08 ± 2.5 m) and OVRWGHT2 (16.08 ± 2.7 m) were not different; however, the mean for STAND was significantly lower than that for the other treatments (15.58 ± 2.5, p < 0.02). Eight weeks of plyometric training can increase shoulder internal rotation power and throwing distance (Fortun, Davies & Kernozck, 1998). The throwing days were classified as high-intent days, hybrid days (medium intent days), and recovery days (low intent days), with the intensity and volume of throws changing per day. However, elbow flexion in our study was measured only during throws with a standardized 5-oz baseball rather than the wide gap of 0.2-kg to 0.8-kg ball weights that were employed during vadn den Tillaar and Ettema’s study. Biomechanical performance of baseball pitchers with a history of ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction, Baseball pitching biomechanics in relation to injury risk and performance, The effects of plyometric training on the shoulder internal rotators, Changes in collegiate starting pitchers’ range of motion after single game and season, Glenohumeral range of motion in major league pitchers, Pitching speed and glenohumeral adaptation in high school pitchers, An acute throwing episode decreases shoulder internal rotation, Decreased blood flow in the throwing arm of professional baseball pitchers, The acute effects of sleeper stretches on shoulder range of motion, Glenohumeral internal rotation deficits in professional pitchers enrolled in an internal rotation stretching program, Comparison of kinematic and temporal parameters between different pitch velocity groups, Optimal shoulder abduction angles during baseball pitching from maximal wrist velocity and minimal kinetics viewpoints, Relationship between maximum shoulder external rotation angle during throwing and physical variables, Glenohumeral range of motion deficits and posterior shoulder tightness in throwers with pathologic internal impingement, On-the-field resistance-tubing exercises for throwers: an electromyographic analysis, Changes in humeral torsion and shoulder rotation range of motion in high school baseball players over a 1-year period, Muscle damage from eccentric exercise: mechanism, mechanical signs, adaptation and clinical applications, Effects of a short-duration stretching drill after pitching on elbow and shoulder range of motion in professional baseball pitchers, Are weighted baseball velocity programs safe and effective? 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