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";s:4:"text";s:3610:" When neurons are damaged, astrocytes form hardened masses of scar tissue and fill space formerly occupied by neurons. Schwann cells are involved in nerve regeneration, repair and development, the conduction of nerve impulses and the provision of antigens to T-lymphocytes (a type of WBC, or white blood cells, that play a role in cell immunity).Satellite cells, or satellite glial cells (SGCs), surround neurons in the parasympathetic, sympathetic and sensory ganglia. Virchow spoke of neuroglia as the connective tissue of the brain or"nervous cement." Function: They also provide structural support to the neurons. Each process reaches out to a nerve fiber and spirals around it like electrical tape wrapped repeatedly around a wire.
Besides neurons, the other type of cells present in nervous system are glial or neuroglial cells.These cells form myelin, protect and support neurons.They are far more numerous than neurons (approximately 10 times more than neurons). There are four types of neuroglial cells in the central nervous system These are Astrocytes, Oligodendrocytes, Microglia, and Ependyma. Oligodendrocytes are divided into types I to IV.Astrocytes are cells that are common to the spinal cord and brain. 1. ion fluxes 2. neurotransmitters 3. cell adhesion molecules Four of them are present in the CNS:These processes connect with neurons, other types of tissue such as The blood brain barrier allows small molecules such as respiratory gases to pass through, while blocking anything larger. They produce an insulating myelin sheath that surrounds axons and allows them to function efficiently. They inform the body about impending danger and stress and prepare it for an appropriate fight-or-flight response. Astrocytes cover the entire brain surface and most nonsynaptic regions of the neurons in the gray matter of the CNS. The ends of the processes are called foot processes which cover the capillaries to form blood – brain barrier. They wander through the CNS and phagocytize dead nervous tissue, microorganisms, and other foreign matter. They play a supporting role in the nervous system by wrapping around nerve tissue and cells to form a protective myelin sheath (which is comprised of 80 per cent lipid and approximately 20 per cent protein). Their job is to support the neurons to send signals quickly and efficiently.